TOEFL Structure 001: SENTENCE WITH ONE CLAUSE


Skill 1 :BE SURE THE SENTENCE HAS A SUBJECT AND A VERB
Warming Up
1.         ……..was backed up for miles on the freeway.
A.     Yesterday
B.     In the morning
C.     Traffic
D.     Cars
2.         Engineers …..for work on the new space program.
A.     necessary
B.     are needed
C.     hopefully
D.     next month
3.         The boy …..going to the movies with a friend.
A.     he is
B.     he always
C.     is relaxing
D.     will be

EXERCISE 1: Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice in each of the following sentences. Then, indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)!
1.         Last week went fishing for trout at the nearby mountain lake.
2.         A schedule of the day’s events can be obtained at the front desk.
3.         A job on the day shift or the night shift at the plant available.
4.         The new computer program has provides a variety of helpful applications.
5.         The box can be opened only with a special screwdriver.
6.         The assigned text for history class it contains more than twenty chapters.
7.         The papers in the wastebasket should be emptied into the trash can outside.
8.         Departure before dawn on a boat in the middle of the harbor.
9.         Yesterday found an interesting article on pollution.
10.     The new machine is processes 50 percent more than the previous machine.
Skill 2: BECAREFUL OF OBJECTS OF PREPOSITION
Warming Up
1.       With his friend ….found the movie theater.
A.     has
B.     he
C.     later
D.     when
EXERCISE 2: Each of the following sentences contains one or more prepositional phrases. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice! Circle the prepositional phrases that come before the verb. Then, indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)!
1.       The interviews by radio broadcasters were carried live by the station.
2.       In the last possible moment before takeoff took his seat in the airplane.
3.       At the neighborhood flower shop, flowers in quantities of a dozen or a half dozen can be delivered for free.
4.       The progressive reading methods at this school are given credit for the improved test scores.
5.       For the last three years at various hospitals in the country has been practicing medicine.
6.       In the past a career in politics was not considered acceptable in some circles.
7.       Shopping in the downtown area of the city it has improved a lot in recent years.
8.       At the building site the carpenters with the most experience were given the most intricate work.
9.       For the fever and headache took two aspirin tablets.
10.   The report with complete documentation was delivered at the conference.
Skill 3: BE CAREFUL OF APPOSITIVE
Sally, the best student in the class, got an A on the exam.
Example I
………, George, is attending the lecture
  1. Right now
  2. Happily
  3. Because of the time
  4. My friend
Example II
………, Sarah rarely misses her basketball shots.
  1. An excellent basketball player
  2. An excellent basketball player is
  3. Sarah is an excellent basketball player
  4. Her excellent basketball play
EXERCISE 3: Each of the following sentences contains an appositive. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the appositive phrases. Then, indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)!
  1. The son of the  previous owner, the new owner is undertaking some fairly broad changes in management policy.
  2. Last semester, a friend, graduated cum laude from the university.
  3. Valentine’s Day, February 14, is a special holiday for sweethearts.
  4. At long last, the chief executive officer, has decided to step down.
  5. Tonight supper, leftover from last night, did not tasted any better tonight than lastnight.
  6. The only entrance to the closet, the door was kept locked at all times.
  7. In the cold of winter, a wall heating unit, would not turn on.
  8. The new tile pattern, yellow flowers on white background, really brightens up the room.
  9. The high-powered computer the most powerful machine of its type, was finally readied for use.
  10. A long time friend and confident, the psychologist was often invited over for Sunday dinner.
SKILL 4: BE CAREFUL OF PRESENT PARTICIPLES
The man is talking to his friend.
                                                                                VERB
The man talking to his friend has a beard.
                                                                     ADJECTIVE
Example
The child ………playing in the yard is my son.
  1. now
  2. is
  3. he
  4. was
EXERCISE 4: Each of the following sentences contains one or more present participles. Underline the subjects once and the verb twice. Circle the present participles and label them as adjectives or verbs. Then, indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)!
  1. The companies offering the lowest prices will have the most customers.
  2. Those travelers are completing their trip on Delta should report  to Gate Three.
  3. The artisans were demonstrating various handicrafts at booths throughout the fair.
  4. The fraternities are giving the wildest parties attract the most new pledges.
  5. The first team winning four games is awarded the championship.
  6. The speaker was trying to make his point was often interrupted vociferously.
  7. The fruits were rotting because of the moisture in the crates carrying them to market.
  8. Any students desiring official transcripts should complete the appropriate forms.
  9. The advertisements were announcing the half-day sale  received a lot of attention.
  10. The spices flavoring the meal were quite distinctive.
SKILL 5: BE CAREFUL OF PAST PARTICIPLE
The family has purchased a television.
                                                                                 VERB
The poem was written by Paul.
                                                                                    VERB
The Television purchased yesterday was expensive.
                                                                        ADJECTIVE
The poem written by Paul appeared in the magazine.
                                                              ADJECTIVE
Example
The packages ……mailed at the post office will arrive Monday.
  1. have
  2. were
  3. them
  4. just
PAST PARTICIPLE
The –ed form of the verb can be (1) the simple past, (2) the past participle of a verb, or (3) an adjective.
  1. She painted this picture
  2. She has painted this picture
  3. The picture painted by Karen is now in a museum.
EXERCISE 5: Each of the following sentences contains one or more past participles. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice! Circle the past participles and label them as adjectives or verbs! Then, indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)!
  1. The money was offered by the client was not accepted.
  2. The car listed in the advertisement had already stalled.
  3. The chapters were taught by the professor this morning will be on next week’s exam.
  4. The loaves of bread were baked in a brick oven at the low temperature for many hours.
  5. The ports were reached by the sailors were under the control of foreign nation.
  6. Those suspected in the string of robberies were arrested by the police.
  7. The pizza is served in this restaurant is the tastiest in the country.
  8. The courses are listed on the second page of the brochure have several prerequisites.
  9. All the tenants were invited to the Independence Day barbeque at the apartment complex.
  10. Any bills paid by the first of the month will be credited to your account by the next day.
EXERCISE (Skill 1-5): Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice in each of the following sentences. Then, indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)!
  1. For three weeks at the beginning of the semester students with fewer than the maximum number of units can add additional course.
  2. On her lunch hour went to a nearby department store to purchase a wedding gift.
  3. The fir trees were grown for the holiday season were harvested in November.
  4. In the grove the overripe oranges were falling on the ground.
  5. The papers being delivered at 4:00 will contain the announcement of the president’s resignation.
  6. A specialty shop with various blends from around the world in the shopping mall.
  7. The portraits exhibited in the Houston Museum last month are now on display in Dallas.
  8. With a sudden jerk of his hand threw the ball across the field to one of other players.
  9. Construction of the housing development it will be underway by the first of the month.
  10. Those applications returning their completed forms at the earliest date have the highest priority.
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skill 1-5): Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentences!
  1. The North Plate River ……from Wyoming into Nebraska.
A.     it flowed
B.     flows
C.     flowing
D.     with flowing water
  1. …….Biloxi received its name from a Sioux word meaning “first people.”
A.     The city of
B.     Located in
C.     It is in
D.     The tour included
  1. A pride of lions ……up to forty lions, including one to three males, several females and cubs.
A.     Can contain
B.     It contains
C.     Contain
D.     containing
  1. ……tea plant are small and white.
A.     The
B.     On the
C.     Having flowers the
D.     The flowers of the
  1. The tetracyclines, …..antibiotics, are used to treat infection.
A.     are a family of
B.     being a family
C.     a family of
D.     their family is
  1. Any possible academic assistance from taking stimulants …..marginal at best.
A.     it is
B.     there is
C.     is
D.     as
  1. Henry Adams, born in Boston, …..famous as historian and novelist.
A.     became
B.     and became
C.     he was
D.     and he became
  1. The major cause …..the pull of the Moon on the Earth.
A.     the ocean tides are
B.     of ocean tides is
C.     of the tides in the ocean
D.     the oceans tides
  1. Still a novelty in the late nineteenth century, …..limited to the rich.
A.     was
B.     was photography
C.     it was photography
D.     photography was
  1. A computerized map of the freeways using information gathered by sensors embedded in the pavement …..on local cable channel during rush hours.
A.     airs
B.     airing
C.     air
D.     to air

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